Linux小技巧

工作上最常用到linux，這邊列出常會用到的一些指令。

22.04.3 balenaEtcher

優化

20.04 7z

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install p7zip-full
$ 7z

20.04 chrome

$ sudo apt install gdebi-core wget
$ wget https://dl.google.com/linux/direct/google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
$ sudo gdebi google-chrome-stable_current_amd64.deb
$ google-chrome

18.04 postman

wget https://dl.pstmn.io/download/latest/linux64 -O postman.tar.gz  
sudo tar -xzf postman.tar.gz -C /opt  
sudo ln -s /opt/Postman/Postman /usr/bin/postman 
``` 

#  18.04 openjdk

sudo apt install openjdk-8-jdk
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-8-openjdk-amd64
echo $JAVA_HOME
export PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
echo $PATH
java -version

# 18.04 KVM permission denied error 

$ sudo apt install qemu-kvm
$ sudo adduser kvm
$ sudo chown /dev/kvm

# 18.04  按enter 持續重複輸入

檢查
$ gsettings get org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.keyboard repeat
出現true 則輸入
$ gsettings set org.gnome.desktop.peripherals.keyboard repeat false

https://askubuntu.com/questions/1029776/keys-get-stuck-randomly-and-type-endless-line-of-a-particular-letter-command

# 14.04桌面時鐘消失

sudo apt-get install indicator-datetime
sudo dpkg-reconfigure –frontend noninteractive tzdata
sudo killall unity-panel-service
或
sudo restart lightdm

# 查電腦資訊

$ sudo apt install hardinfo
$ hardinfo | less
$ cat /etc/hostname
$ lscpu

架構： x86_64
CPU 作業模式： 32-bit, 64-bit
CPU(s): 8

$ cat /proc/cpuinfo  

eric_lu@T-01009658UP:~$ cat /proc/cpuinfo | grep “model name”
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2600 CPU @ 3.40GHz
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2600 CPU @ 3.40GHz
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2600 CPU @ 3.40GHz
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2600 CPU @ 3.40GHz
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2600 CPU @ 3.40GHz
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2600 CPU @ 3.40GHz
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2600 CPU @ 3.40GHz
model name : Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-2600 CPU @ 3.40GHz

$ cat /proc/meminfo  
$ lsblk # HD  

# Clay-Technology World  
https://clay-atlas.com/blog/2020/09/17/linux-cn-change-or-check-date/  日期時間  
https://clay-atlas.com/blog/2020/08/04/linux-cn-note-using-trash-rm-remove-delete/  用trash取代rm避免誤刪  
https://clay-atlas.com/blog/2020/05/21/linux-cn-note-shell-script-input-argument/ Shell Script 輸入參數$# 0 1 2 3    
https://clay-atlas.com/blog/2020/03/21/linux-cn-note-copy-progress-bar/ 複製檔案顯示進度 gcp  
https://clay-atlas.com/blog/2019/12/10/ubuntu-os-crontab-settings/  定期執行 crontab  
https://clay-atlas.com/blog/2020/01/16/linux-chinese-note-speedtest-cli/ 測網速sudo pip3 install speedtest-cli  
https://clay-atlas.com/blog/2019/10/29/python-chinese-tutorial-jupyter-notebook/  遠端jupyter  
https://clay-atlas.com/blog/2020/01/11/linux-chinese-tutorial-command-du-check-file-size/ 顯示檔案大小du  
https://clay-atlas.com/blog/2020/02/04/linux-ubuntu-chinese-note-remove-ppa/ 刪除ppa sudo ls /etc/apt/sources.list.d  
https://clay-atlas.com/blog/2020/01/29/linux-chinese-notes-tree-command-visualization-folder/ tee 資料夾看階層  

# 看網頁資訊  

$ curl -v http://ec1ecdc57218.ngrok.io/

• Trying 3.134.39.220…
• TCP_NODELAY set
• Connected to ec1ecdc57218.ngrok.io (3.134.39.220) port 80 (#0)

  GET / HTTP/1.1
  Host: ec1ecdc57218.ngrok.io
  User-Agent: curl/7.58.0
  Accept: /

  < HTTP/1.1 200 OK
  < Content-Length: 117
  < Content-Type: application/json
  < Date: Wed, 30 Sep 2020 06:52:11 GMT
  < Server: Werkzeug/1.0.1 Python/3.6.9
  <
• Connection #0 to host ec1ecdc57218.ngrok.io left intact
  {“id”: “xidGidfid0idKidxid6idF”, “date”: “09/30/2020”, “choseNumber”: [8, 2, 0], “probability”: 0.008333333333333333}

  # 在colab 安靜安裝的幾種方法
  !pip3 install vpython> /dev/null   
  !pip3 install -q vpython    
  
  %%capture  
  !pip3 install vpython  
  
  # alpine
  `極小的linux方便裝在docker`  
  $ docker run -ti --rm -v ${HOME}:/root -v $(pwd):/git alpine/git  
  $ docker run --name da1 -d -p 81:80 alpine/git  
  b117b223cb2003f09b8d697967666744ab81e7686165ccbabbce825aad2392d9   
  $ docker run alpine echo '123'  
  123
  
  # 軟體
  Yakuake: 下拉式終端    
  Terminator: 可以輸入指令到多個終端  
  
  # 短指令
  which 找指令位置  
  top 看目前執行程式  
  free -h 看記憶體容量  
  lsb_release -a 看作業系統  
  ctrl+shift+t 開新terminal  
  history | less  可以用PageUp Down  
  curl -vvvv  網址 v越多內容顯示越多     
  echo 檔案 ｜ wc -l 顯示行數  
  
  # 長指令
  cat a.txt | grep -A20 "Package \[com.google.android.gms"  抓gms package發出的訊息  
  cat a.txt | awk '!/Something/' | grep 'B\|C\|D'  可以結合awk, grew  
  rm -rf ~/.local/share/Trash/* 清垃圾桶  
  cat .ssh/id_rsa.pub  印pub key  
  
  # 快捷建
  Ctrl+Alt+T 開terminal  
  
  # 硬碟
  lsblk  
  blkid    
  mount  
  sudo fdisk -l  
  
  # 格式化
  df -h  # sdb1要清空  
  sudo umount /dev/sdb1  
  sudo mkfs.vfat /dev/sdb1  
  
  ## Create a Desktop Entry  
  cat > ~/.local/share/applications/postman.desktop <<EOL  

  [Desktop Entry]
  Encoding=UTF-8
  Name=Postman
  Exec=postman
  Icon=/opt/Postman/app/resources/app/assets/icon.png
  Terminal=false
  Type=Application
  Categories=Development;
  EOL

  # 清垃圾桶
  cd ~/. local/share/Trash/files/  
  rm -rf *  
  
  # 無法安裝軟體 
  sudo chmod 7755 /usr/lib/policykit-1/polkit-agent-helper-1  
  
  # 目錄中文轉英文
  $ export LANG=en_US  
  $ xdg-user-dirs-gtk-update  
  
  # 顯示跑掉
  1.先換條螢幕線  
  https://www.ubuntu-tw.org/modules/newbb/viewtopic.php?topic_id=33458
  
  # 讓Windows遠端連線
  1.xface  
  sudo apt update  
  sudo apt install xfce4 xfce4-goodies xorg dbus-x11 x11-xserver-utils  
  
  2.xrdp  
  sudo apt install xrdp  
  check: sudo systemctl status xrdp  
  
  3.啟動  
  可以用 systemctl 指令來啟動，輸入  
  sudo systemctl restart xrdp  
  並且確認在開機時自動啟動 xrdp  
  sudo systemctl enable xrdp   
  sudo vim /etc/xrdp/xrdp.ini  
  在最後一行加上  
  exec startxfce4
  儲存檔案並重新啟動 Xrdp 服務  
  sudo systemctl restart xrdp   
  
  4.設定防火牆
  要允許從特定 IP 或 IP 範圍連接 Xrdp 伺服器，在此範例中 192.168.1.0/24 運行以下命令  
  sudo ufw allow from 192.168.1.0/24 to any port 3389  
  如果您想允許從任何地方進行連線(基於安全原因不鼓勵)，請輸入     
  sudo ufw allow 3389  
  
  5.遠端空白問題  
  sudo apt-get install xorgxrdp  
  https://c-nergy.be/blog/?p=13390  
  
  6.重啟  
  sudo service xrdp restart    
  netstat -na | grep 3389   
  
  # NoMachine
  https://briian.com/59310/ 
  
  # Tab
  1、pycharm使多行代碼同時縮進  
     鼠標選中多行代碼後，按下Tab鍵，一次縮進四個字符  
  
  2、pycharm使多行代碼同時左移  
    鼠標選中多行代碼後，同時按住shift+Tab鍵，一次左移四個字符   
  
  # 安全重啟
  1. 同時按住 Ctrl 和 Alt 鍵，按住不要放  
  2. 按一下 SysRq 鍵  
  3. 按一下 R 鍵  
  4. 按一下 E 鍵  
  5. 依次按下 I , S , U , B 鍵  
  
  # Android Studio
  Ctrl+Alt+L 自動排版  
  
  ## 可以Sh雙擊執行
  在桌面 vim androidstudio.desktop  

  [Desktop Entry]
  Name=AndroidStudio
  Comment=open android studio
  Exec=sh /home/eric_lu/android-studio-ide-192.6392135-linux/android-studio/bin/studio.sh
  Icon=/home/eric_lu/android-studio-ide-192.6392135-linux/android-studio/bin/studio.png
  Terminal=false
  Type=Application

  右鍵點擊程式，來到最下方的『屬性』，選擇『權限』  
  將『允許檔案作為程式執行(E)』打勾，然後關閉視窗  
  
  cp androidstudio.desktop ~/.local/share/applications/  
  將我們剛建立好的 .desktop 檔案移動至應用程式區，就可以在『搜尋』當中找到這個應用程式  
  
  ## 在Ubuntu可以加速
  https://confluence.jetbrains.com/display/IDEADEV/Inotify+Watches+Limit  

  sudo vim /etc/sysctl.conf
  fs.inotify.max_user_watches = 524288
  sudo sysctl -p –system

  ## 裝完開啟很慢改記憶體大小
  ..\Android Studio\bin\*.vmoptions  

-Xms5120m
-Xmx10240m
-XX:MaxPermSize=1024m
-XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=440m
-XX:+UseCompressedOops
-XX:-HeapDumpOnOutOfMemoryError
-Dfile.encoding=UTF-8

之後在file>Invalidate caches  

## 載入慢要改設定
解決 androidstudio 在獲取Android sdk ...位置暫停導致androidstudio 啟動慢  
打開android studio的bin目錄  
修改idea.properties文件如下：  

…
idea.fatal.error.notification = enabled
disable.android .first.run = true

# Python
## 2 to 3  

$ sudo add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install python3.6
$ sudo apt-get install python3.7
$ sudo apt install python3-pip
$ sudo update-alternatives - install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.6 1
$ sudo update-alternatives - install /usr/bin/python3 python3 /usr/bin/python3.7 2

```

虛擬環境

python -m venv .venv
.venv\Scripts\activate.bat

換版本

1. Check python version on terminal - python –version
2. Get root user privileges. On terminal type - sudo su
3. Write down the root user password
4. Execute this command to switch to python 3.6 -
5. update-alternatives –install /usr/bin/python python /usr/bin/python3 1
6. Check python version - python –version

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